Adjusting Engine Idle

macuserman

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Does anyone have any tips on how to adjust engine idle? My engine is idling so low it wants to die and often does anytime I stop. Traffic lights, stop and go traffic, stop lights are super annoying, I have to get creative with my feet to keep my foot on the gas and brake its annoying. Anyhow, I've never adjusted it before and I don't really want to just go monkeying around with the idle screw without any plan.
 
The first thing I do when adjusting the idle on a twincam is to make sure I have the timing dialed in using the distributor. Then I pop the little black plastic plug out of the well on the throttle body where the idle air adjuster lives and tweak it to get the idle I want. I believe that the FSM calls for 850 rpm with the headlights on.
Also, after having too many issues with the fast idle thermal controller on the rear of the intake manifold, I removed it and mounted a blocking plate. That took care of the idle hunting you get when the valves get old. I have cleaned those before to get them back in order, but removing the valve is the sure cure. ;)
Once the idle air needle has been adjusted the idle won't change unless the engine develops a vacuum leak problem. My current twincam's throttle body was set up on the bench following the directions given in the FSM as a shop procedure and aside from a little tweak to the idle air adjustment after I mounted the throttle body, it never deviates from the set idle speed.
I left the electrical idle air solenoid in place and it seems to compensate for idle speed changes involving the headlights and other electrical loads.
 
t3ragtop said:
The first thing I do when adjusting the idle on a twincam is to make sure I have the timing dialed in using the distributor.

I'm already lost on step 1! :grimacing: How do I make sure my timing is dialed in?

t3ragtop said:
Then I pop the little black plastic plug out of the well on the throttle body where the idle air adjuster lives and tweak it to get the idle I want. I believe that the FSM calls for 850 rpm with the headlights on.

This makes sense.

t3ragtop said:
Also, after having too many issues with the fast idle thermal controller on the rear of the intake manifold, I removed it and mounted a blocking plate. That took care of the idle hunting you get when the valves get old. I have cleaned those before to get them back in order, but removing the valve is the sure cure. ;)
Once the idle air needle has been adjusted the idle won't change unless the engine develops a vacuum leak problem. My current twincam's throttle body was set up on the bench following the directions given in the FSM as a shop procedure and aside from a little tweak to the idle air adjustment after I mounted the throttle body, it never deviates from the set idle speed.
I left the electrical idle air solenoid in place and it seems to compensate for idle speed changes involving the headlights and other electrical loads.

I guess I need to bust out my FSM, I'm a little confused here on terminology:
fast idle thermal controller
electrical idle air solenoid
vs IAC?

I run AC on my car which I know you don't so is the fast idle thermal controller the same thing as the IAC?

To drive the car at all I have to have the AC on, and sometimes if I blip the throttle enough times just right it will settle in and idle for me. It seems like this gets worse the longer it runs as well, when it's cold and just starting up the idle seems to work better.
 
okay, after you set the base timing, the static timing, by turning the engine over by hand so that you line up the mark on the crank pulley with the arrow on the block which puts the #1 piston at TDC. pull the cap off the distributor and look to see that the rotor is pointing towards the spark tower on the cap that corresponds to the #1 cylinder's spark lead. This should put the ignition timing somewhere close to zero.

from this point you would replace the distributor cap and secure it and put a jumper wire into the test connector located up on the firewall close to the coil. this locks out the automatic timing advance supplied by the ecu. you will want to follow the instructions found in the FSM bench repair section.

when you start the car, use a timing light to check the timing mark on the crank pulley and note its position with regard to the pointer on the timing belt cover.

loosen the hold down bolts on the base of the distributor so that you can rotate the position of distributor body. this movement changes the timing of the spark event as related to the TDC position of the #1 piston, either retarding it or advancing it. once again, it is easiest to follow the directions given for setting the spark timing in the FSM.

If, while trying to set the timing, the idle is too low to keep the engine running you would want to tweak the idle air screw (located under that black rubber plug.) Small increments are all that is needed for this.

After each change, re-check the timing mark's position with regard to the mark on the pulley and the mark on the timing belt cover.


The idle air motor I spoke of is located on the back side of the intake manifold. When the engine coolant temperature is low, idle motor should lock into the step that allows air to bypass directly into the manifold making the engine idle at about 2000 rpm. As the coolant warms, the idle air motor will step down to make the engine idle around 1500 rpm. The third step on the idle air motor should make the engine idle around 1000 rpm. After the coolant is fully warmed, the idle air motor should close completely so as to not affect the idle at all. This air motor is not electrical and has no wiring. It only has a coolant line going into and away from the controller.

The IAC is the electrical solenoid located on the front side of the head towards the distributor. It is electrically controlled by the ecu and the a/c controls and its action bumps the idle up a little when an electrical load is sensed by a diode array or when the a/c controls turn the compressor on. It shouldn't have much, if any, effect while the coolant temp is below normal operating temp and the ecu is locked into open loop operation.

After the engine is up to normal operation temp and the idle has stabilized you can make the final adjustment to the idle air screw. As I said, I think that the FSM calls for 850 rpm with the headlights on. I sometimes like to set the idle up around 1000 rpm for a more stable idle, it depends on tuning, cams, etc.

As for that idle air motor on the rear of the intake manifold, they fail, they get dirty, and they can complicate the idle. Sometimes the air motor causes the engine idle to hunt really badly with the idle zooming up and down from 800 rpm to 2000 rpm, back and forth. This is why I removed it from my engine and used a blanking cover and gasket. I don't drive my car in the winter so I really don't need the fast idle feature.

Anyway, your best bet is to follow the step by step directions in the FSM. Make sure that you don't have any vacuum leaks, cracked or loose vacuum hoses or a bad gasket on that idle air motor. Any vacuum leaks will monkey with your idle speed. Also, don't forget to remove the jumper wire from the diagnostic connector after you adjust the spark timing. ;)
 
[usermention=49]@t3ragtop[/usermention] Whew! Ok! I guess I need to go study my FSM, I'm sure this is a lot easier than it sounds if you've done this before and have a clue what you are doing. I'll report back where I wind up at....
 
Engine management being just another form of process control, something I did quite a lot of during my career as an electrical engineer, has lots of little things going on that most people don't ever think of. One of those things is that as part of the ignition mapping on newer fuel injection engines includes a little bit of automation where if the engine speed drops, the mapping in the first cells has a "tip in" point that advances the timing to help speed the engine back up.

Part of setting up the base idle helps to keep the engine speed above that "tip in" point to maintain the smooth idle. I believe that's why the engineers who designed the controls set the idle point where they did at 850 rpm and why they developed the idle air motor to help set up a fast idle on a cold engine.

With all that, after you set things up as part of the tuning procedure the settings don't change unless there is some complication that arises. When you take the time to dial things in at the beginning every change from that base tune is easier to make. ;)

When I build a new engine I use a degree wheel to make accurate measurements and draw up an engine plot which includes things like valve timing for openings and closings and relates the position of pistons in their bores to degrees of crank rotation. Mapping those things out makes it much easier to tune an engine, ;)

Back in the old days when we ran carbs and point style ignitions we tuned "by ear" much more than I do with today's electronic fuel injection and fancy ignition systems.
 
I'm sorry I haven't been following as closely as I should, but my 2 cents is that in my case to set the timing the terminals you are supposed to jumper don't stabilize the timing for adjustment like they should--the ground is bad. I have to jumper the "hot" terminal to a separate ground wire . I don't know if this is common, but if you set the jumper and the timing is still bouncing around, try the separate ground.
 
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